As global rail transit enters a new era of "intelligent, green, and ultra-high-speed" development, composite materials are transitioning from "auxiliary materials" to "strategic materials." According to the International Union of Railways, the penetration rate of composite materials in rail transit equipment is expected to exceed 40% by 2035. China, as the country with the longest high-speed rail network and the fastest-growing new energy rail transit sector, is leading this material revolution.

Aerogels are low-density, primarily mesoporous solids with excellent properties, including low density, high specific surface area, low dielectric constant, and ultra-low thermal conductivity. Examples include graphene or carbon nanotube aerogels, polyurethane and polyimide aerogels, biopolymer aero

The primary purpose of surface treatment for hand-layup fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) products is to enhance appearance, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance. Below are some common surface treatment processes:

Carbon fiber is generally used in the form of composite materials by combining with a matrix (such as resin). Carbon fiber composites offer outstanding performance, featuring high specific strength, low density, high specific modulus, ultra-high temperature resistance, excellent fatigue resistance,